How to Play Chess: Rules for Beginners

How to Play Chess: Rules for Beginners
Chess is played on an 8 by 8 board. There are 64 squares or cells on the board. Before the game starts the board is placed between the partners so that the corner square to the right of each chess player is white. The chessboard has 8 horizontals, 8 verticals, it also has black and white diagonals.
At the beginning of the game each of the players has 16 pieces. Before the game starts the pieces are placed as follows. Rooks are placed in the corners of the board. Next to rooks are bishops, then bishops. In the middle of the board placed queen and king. In front of the pieces is a row of 8 pawns. The half of the board on the king’s side is called the kingside and the half of the board on the queen’s side is called the queenside. The white pieces start the game.
What is a move? A piece moves from one square to another unoccupied square. If an enemy piece is on the same square it is taken off the board. A piece cannot jump over any of the opponent pieces except the knight.
How do the pieces move?
King
The King may move to any adjacent square as long as it is not occupied by an adjacent piece. The King cannot take another piece if it is protected by another piece. As you can see, the king can have at most eight squares that it can move to. If the king is on the edge of the board it has only five possible moves and if it is in a corner it has only three possible moves.
Rook
The Rook moves and strikes an opponent’s pieces on any available square on the verticals or horizontals on which it is located. The Rook cannot go to the leftmost square of the board — its king is located there. However, it can take the black pawn from the board and replace it.
Bishop
One of the bishops moves on any available square on the diagonal. Note that one of the bishops of each player moves only on white squares (therefore it is called white-squared) and the other moves only on black squares (this bishop is black-squared).
Queen
The Queen is the strongest piece. It combines rook and bishop moves and can move from its current position to any available square either vertically, horizontally or diagonally. The Queen can move to any square shown by the arrows but can also take Black’s rook or bishop. To do this one or the other piece is removed from the board and the queen is put in its place.
Knight
Everyone knows that the knight moves in a «G» shape. It jumps horizontally or vertically across a square and immediately moves to an adjacent square of a different colour. Knight is the only chess piece that can jump over other pieces.
Pawn
Pawns move only one square vertically forward (if it is not occupied by their own or another piece). But each pawn can move from its initial position once during the game to two squares at once. Among other pieces only a pawn hits foreign pieces not as it moves, but obliquely — one square forward diagonally.
If a pawn reaches the last rank (white on the eighth, black on the first), it immediately turns into any piece of its colour, except the king. It makes no difference whether such a piece is on the board or has been eliminated.
Taking on a passed pawn
If a pawn makes a move on two squares from the initial position and crosses a square which is under attack by an enemy pawn then the latter can capture the moved pawn. In this case the moved pawn is removed from the board, and beating becomes not in its place, as it happens in all other cases, but on the «beaten» field, which she jumped.
Castling
Once during a game each of the kings (white or black) may castling. Shuffling is performed as follows. The king moves towards one of the rooks over one square and the rook is moved over it and placed beside it.
Castling on the kingside is called short and on the queenside it is called long. If the king has ever moved, castling is not possible in either direction. It is also impossible to castling with a rook that has left its place. Castling is temporarily impossible if the king is under attack by an opponent’s piece at that moment, or if the square that the king must occupy or cross is under attack. Castling is also impossible when there is another piece between the king and the rook that is to be castled.
Check
If any piece — queen, rook, bishop, knight or pawn — attacks the king it is called check. It is imperative to defend against the check with your next move.
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